In a normal bone joint, there will be no subluxation and dislocation. In joint injuries like subluxation, the bone ends in the joint will not completely lose its contact. But in dislocation, the joint ends will not have any physical contact. In medical term, the articular surface of the bone joint is partially displaced in subluxation and completely displaced in dislocation and it is a medical emergency.
If the ligament which is attached to the bone joint and makes it stable is injured, it is termed as the sprain. Its ends are attached to the articular region of the bones at the bone joint. The clinical features of the sprain are the pain, swelling, localized tenderness and inability to use the limb.
In first degree sprain there will be no pain but with swelling and localized tenderness, in which few fibres of the ligament is torn. In second degree and third-degree sprain, there will be pain, swelling and inability to use the limb.
The best diagnostic tool to find out injury to ligament and bone joint is MRI and x-ray. The STRESS TEST can be done to classify the degree of sprain.
The first aid treatment for the sprain is an ice pack, compression bandage and for the second and third-degree sprain, immobilization is needed for 10-15 days and if possible, the early mobilization will improve the healing of ligament tear. Some cases may need surgery. The medication like analgesics and anti-inflammatory are optioned to relieve pain and swelling.
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