The bone fracture may occur due to some trauma which may be severe/moderate or due to some pathological condition can cause a pathological fracture. eg: osteoporosis. In some cases, chronic stress on a particular bone will cause fracture which may not be visible on x-ray findings but a little pain will be present on the affected site. The fractured bone segment may be shifted or angulated or rotated.
If the fracture is in contact with the external environment, then it is called open fracture and if not, then it is called closed fracture. If the fractured end pierces the skin from within, then it is internally open but if the skin and tissue are lacerated and the bone is fractured by the external object, then it is externally open.
The fracture will be classified into transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted and segmental. If the bone is fractured without any possible trauma and diagnosed in x-ray as fracture, then it is absolutely a pathological fracture.
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