The neonatal respiratory distress is the common problem in neonates. The respiratory distress will have the clinical features like increased respiratory rate(which will be above 60 breaths per minute) and other findings of chest retraction and cyanosis are noted. The chest retractions are absent in non-respiratory causes. The causes of neonatal respiratory distress are divided into pulmonary causes and non-pulmonary causes.
The pulmonary causes are listed below;
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
To know more about RDS, click here...
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
In 15% of pregnancy, the meconium is stained in the amniotic fluid and the neonates born through this stained fluid may aspirate meconium, which can obstruct small and large airway in the lung that will cause atelectasis and emphysema in the neonates. In these cases, this condition will progress to pneumothorax (presence of air in the pleural cavity).
other pulmonary causes
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumonia
- Persistent pulmonary hypertension
NON-PULMONARY CAUSES
The non-pulmonary causes of neonatal respiratory distress are divided into three conditions. They were cardiac - congenital heart diseases like Transposition of great arteries, central nervous system - CNS haemorrhage, cerebral oedema and abnormal metabolic conditions like hypothermia, hypoglycemia and so on.
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